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|footnotes = }} Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919〔"Ernst Haeckel – Britannica Concise" (biography) ''Encyclopædia Britannica Concise'', 2006, Concise. Britannica.com webpage: (CBritannica-Haeckel ).〕) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including ''anthropogeny'', ''ecology'', ''phylum'', ''phylogeny'', ''stem cell'', and ''Protista.'' Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny. The published artwork of Haeckel includes over 100 detailed, multi-colour illustrations of animals and sea creatures (see: ''Kunstformen der Natur'', "Art Forms of Nature"). As a philosopher, Ernst Haeckel wrote ''Die Welträtsel'' (1895–1899; in English: ''The Riddle of the Universe'', 1901), the genesis for the term "world riddle" (''Welträtsel''); and ''Freedom in Science and Teaching''〔''Freedom in Science and Teaching''. German 1877, English 1879, ISBN 1-4102-1175-4.〕 to support teaching evolution. == Life == Ernst Haeckel was born on 16 February 1834, in Potsdam (then part of Prussia). 〔"Ernst Haeckel" (article),''German Wikipedia'', 26 October 2006, webpage: DE-Wiki-Ernst-Haeckel: last paragraph of "Leben" (Life) section.〕 In 1852, Haeckel completed studies at the ''Domgymnasium'', the cathedral high school of Merseburg.〔 He then studied medicine in Berlin and Würzburg, particularly with Albert von Kölliker, Franz Leydig, Rudolf Virchow (with whom he later worked briefly as assistant), and with the anatomist-physiologist Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858).〔 Together with Hermann Steudner he attended botany lectures in Würzburg. In 1857, Haeckel attained a doctorate in medicine, M.D.), and afterwards he received a license to practice medicine. The occupation of physician appeared less worthwhile to Haeckel, after contact with suffering patients.〔 Haeckel studied under Karl Gegenbaur at the University of Jena for three years, earning a doctorate in zoology,〔 before becoming a professor of comparative anatomy at the University of Jena, where he remained for 47 years, from 1862 to 1909. Between 1859 and 1866, Haeckel worked on many phyla such radiolarians, poriferans (sponges) and annelids (segmented worms).〔 During a trip to the Mediterranean, Haeckel named nearly 150 new species of radiolarians.〔 From 1866 to 1867, Haeckel made an extended journey to the Canary Islands with Hermann Fol and during this period, met with Charles Darwin, in 1866 at Down House in Kent, Thomas Huxley and Charles Lyell.〔 In 1867, he married Agnes Huschke. Their son Walter was born in 1868, their daughters Elizabeth in 1871 and Emma in 1873.〔 In 1869, he traveled as a researcher to Norway, in 1871 to Croatia (lived on the island of Hvar in a monastery),〔(New York Times ) Haeckel Again Honored in Spite of Himself on his 80th Birthday, published: 22 February 1914〕 and in 1873 to Egypt, Turkey, and to Greece.〔 Haeckel retired from teaching in 1909, and in 1910 he withdrew from the Evangelical church.〔 On the occasion of his 80th birthday celebration, he was presented with a two volume work, entitled ''Was wir Ernst Haeckel verdanken (What We Owe to Ernst Haeckel)'', edited at the request of the German Monistenbund by Heinrich Schmidt of Jena. Haeckel's wife, Agnes, died in 1915, and Haeckel became substantially frailer, with a broken leg (thigh) and broken arm.〔 He sold his "Villa Medusa" in Jena in 1918 to the Carl Zeiss foundation, and it presently contains a historic library.〔 Haeckel died on 9 August 1919. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernst Haeckel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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